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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
پاسخگویی همدلانه
Now something outside the patient-the empathically responsive therapist-and something inside-a function such as initiative or integration or organization-are both recognized to be missing.
A restatement might be that some of the most intense experiences involving one's sense of self are triggered by the empathic responsiveness of others.
When empathic responsiveness ensures an experience of cohesion and vitality of the self, we designate it as a selfobject experience.
This view states that while pathology often results from what has been done to the developing child in the form of neglect, abuse, and traumatic events, the experience of these happenings centers on what has failed to be done in the form of empathic responsiveness to the child's needs.
Where self psychology has often spoken of caregiver failures in empathic responsiveness as producing deficits in the development of self "structures," I am speaking of a deficit in vitalizing selfobject experiences from ordinary sources: the pleasure of satiety from oral intake, of relief from elimination, and of restoration from sleep; the multiple satisfactions of intimacy; the sense of efficacy and competence pleasure from exploration and assertion; the effective use of antagonism and avoidance; and the enjoyment of sensuality and sexual excitement.
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